What tests are used to diagnose ovarian cancer? There are several types of tests that doctors use together to reach a diagnosis, since no single test can confirm ovarian cancer on its own.
Here's a breakdown of the main tests:
Physical & Pelvic Exam
- A doctor checks the size, shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries
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What tests are used to diagnose ovarian cancer? There are several types of tests that doctors use together to reach a diagnosis, since no single test can confirm ovarian cancer on its own.
Here's a breakdown of the main tests:
Physical & Pelvic Exam
- A doctor checks the size, shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries
- They look for unusual lumps or swelling
- Note: ovarian cancer is often at a late stage before it can be felt this way, so this alone isn't a reliable early detection method
Imaging Tests
- Ultrasound – the most common first step; can reveal tumors, cysts, or fluid
- CT Scan – gives a detailed view and is good at spotting larger tumors and whether cancer has spread
- MRI – creates detailed images but is less commonly used for ovarian cancer
Blood Tests
- A CA-125 test measures a protein often elevated in ovarian cancer
- However, CA-125 can be elevated for other reasons, and some people with ovarian cancer have normal levels — so it's not used alone for diagnosis
- Other blood measurements (like red/white blood cell counts) may also be checked
Biopsy
- A small tissue sample is removed, usually during surgery, and examined under a microscope
- This is the most definitive way to confirm a cancer diagnosis
Genetic Testing
- Used for those at higher risk, checking for gene mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2 It's worth knowing that a Pap smear is not a test for ovarian cancer — it's designed to detect cervical cancer. It's a common misconception, so don't rely on that as part of ovarian cancer monitoring.
Always discuss your results with your doctor before drawing conclusions, as many findings (like an ovarian mass on an ultrasound) don't automatically mean cancer.
September 8
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